What Is the Most Common Cause of Tooth Loss in Adults?

Signs and symptoms of periodontal (gum) disease include:

• Bad breath (halitosis)
• Bad taste in the mouth that doesn’t go away
• Red or swollen gums
• Tender or bleeding gums
• Gum recession
• Sensitive teeth
• Pain when chewing
• Loose teeth
• Gums that pull away from the teeth
• Changes in the way the teeth fit together when you bite
• Changes in the fit of partial dentures
• Tooth loss (severe cases)

Periodontal (gum) disease is caused by a buildup of plaque on the teeth. Bacteria in the mouth that stays on the teeth can build up and form a film (plaque). Plaque eventually hardens to tartar (calculus) which can accumulate and spread below the gum line.

Risk factors for developing periodontal disease include: 

• Smoking (biggest risk factor)
• Poor oral hygiene
• Heredity
• Diabetes
• Stress
• Crooked teeth
• Immunodeficiencies such as AIDS
• Defective fillings 
• Use of medications that cause dry mouth
• Bridges that no longer fit properly
• Hormonal changes in females, such pregnancy, menopause, or the use of oral contraceptives

• Periodontal (gum) disease is diagnosed with a patient history and examination of the mouth by a dentist or dental hygienist. 
• X-rays may be taken to determine the extent of the gum disease and if there is any bone loss. 
• If the gum disease is advanced, patients may be referred to a periodontist (a dental professional who specializes in the diagnosis and treatment of gum disease) who may have additional treatment options. 

Treatment for gingivitis and periodontal disease includes: 

• Deep cleaning of the root surfaces below the gums
• Medications prescribed to take by mouth or placed directly under the gums
• Corrective surgery

Keep teeth and gums healthy and help prevent or control periodontal disease: 

• Brush teeth twice daily using a fluoride toothpaste
• Floss teeth daily to help remove bacteria between teeth that cause gum disease
  • Or use a special brush, wooden or plastic pick, or a “water flosser” as recommended by a dental professional
• See a dentist at least once a year for checkups, or more frequently if you have any of the warning signs or risk factors for gum disease
• Don’t smoke